Reinsurance is a type of insurance that an insurance company can buy from an organization or group ( called a reinsurer) to transfer some or all of the financial risk it has undertaken. To put it simply, it is insurance for insurance companies. This can allow Canadian insurers to manage risk, increase their underwriting capacity, or use their available capital more efficiently. For most policyholders and applicants in Canada, this is something that works behind the scenes.
What is reinsurance?
Reinsurance is insurance that an insurance company purchases from another insurer or reinsurance company to transfer part of the risk it has already accepted. The insurer can transfer part or all of certain risks to another organization. The insurer transferring the risk is also known as the ceding company, cedant, or reinsured. Meanwhile, the company assuming that risk is known as the reinsurer.
Essentially, reinsurance is a type of protection that insurance providers purchase to minimize their risk in the event of major claims, such as a natural disaster. A life insurer may decide that it does not want to retain the financial risk associated with all the policies it issues. Through a reinsurance agreement, the insurer can transfer an agreed portion of the liability or risk to a reinsurer.
Reinsurance allows insurance companies to share liability with other firms or organizations, especially in situations where the primary insurance company does not have enough cash reserves in place to pay out claims. This helps keep insurers afloat when large or multiple claims arise and ensures claimants receive the benefits they are entitled to.
What is a reinsurance company?
A reinsurance company, or reinsurer, is an insurance company that assumes some or all of the insurance risk originally accepted by another insurer. These companies enter into an agreement with an insurer to transfer, or cede, part of the insurer’s assumed risk, helping the insurer reduce liability and free up capital.

How does reinsurance work in Canada?
Reinsurance works by allowing an insurance company to transfer an agreed portion of the risks it has accepted to another insurance company. It involves two insurance companies: the insurer that originally accepts the insurance risk and the reinsurer that agrees to take on an agreed portion of that risk. These entities enter into an agreement under which the reinsurer assumes an agreed portion of the insurer’s risk. However, a reinsurance transaction can involve two or more parties, including multiple reinsurers.
An insurance company issues policies to thousands of Canadians but wants to limit how much insurance risk it retains on its own books. The insurer can then enter into a reinsurance contract that specifies the risks being transferred and how much of those risks the reinsurer will assume. If a covered loss occurs, the reinsurance contract determines the amount the reinsurer owes the original insurer. The original insurer can then use it to pay claims or manage financial liabilities.
Here’s how reinsurance works:
- Insurer accepts a risk: An insurance company issues policies to consumers and assumes the financial risk associated with that coverage
- Part of the risk is transferred: The insurer may decide to transfer a portion of the risk assumed to a reinsurer
- Both parties enter into an agreement: The contract lays out which risks are covered and how liability is divided between the insurer and reinsurer
- A covered claim occurs: If a loss covered by the reinsurance takes place, the reinsurer reimburses the insurer up to the amount or percentage stipulated in the agreement
For example, if a natural disaster destroys or damages thousands of homes in a region where one insurance company provides most home insurance coverage, that company may be hard-pressed to cover all the claims.
By using reinsurance, however, the insurance provider can recover part of the losses from other insurers while avoiding insolvency. In this respect, reinsurance not only protects insurance companies but also helps protect their clients by supporting the insurer’s ability to pay covered claims.
In addition to mitigating risk in extreme circumstances, reinsurance also enables insurance companies to increase their coverage capacity. Insurance companies are better equipped to take on clients with larger policy coverage because reinsurance can mitigate losses if the coverage is claimed. This is particularly useful since it enables insurers to take on more clients without increasing capital reserves accordingly.

What are the different types of reinsurance?
While there are many types of insurance one can buy, reinsurance can be structured in two primary ways: treaty reinsurance and facultative reinsurance.
- Treaty reinsurance: This is a standing agreement between an insurance company and a reinsurer that covers specified classes or categories of the insurer’s risk. Under most treaty arrangements, eligible risks are automatically ceded to and accepted by the reinsurer, instead of requiring a negotiation each time. The treaty sets out details for the types of risks covered, limits, premiums, and how the insurer and reinsurer will share responsibility.
- Facultative reinsurance: In this type, reinsurance is arranged for an individual policy or specific risk rather than an entire class of business. Each submission is considered separately, and both the insurer and reinsurer can decide whether to reject or accept that particular risk. Since each risk is individually reviewed and negotiated, facultative reinsurance is more selective than treaty reinsurance.
Here’s a comparison of treaty and facultative reinsurance:
| Feature | Treaty reinsurance | Facultative reinsurance |
| Scope | Covers eligible risks within an agreed class or category | Covers an individual policy or specific risk |
| Acceptance | Eligible risks are covered according to the existing treaty terms | Each risk is considered separately and on its merits |
| Review | The reinsurer does not separately negotiate every eligible risk | The specific risk is individually reviewed |
| Structure | Ongoing agreement covering defined business | Individual reinsurance arrangement |
Apart from these primary classifications, reinsurance can also be classified in the following ways:
- Proportional reinsurance: The insurer and reinsurer share an agreed proportion of the premiums and losses of the reinsured company.
- Non-proportional reinsurance: The reinsurer’s participation depends on the size of the loss. The insurer retains losses up to a specified amount, after which the reinsurer covers eligible losses above that amount, subject to limits and other terms of agreement.
Why do life insurance companies use reinsurance?
Insurance companies primarily use reinsurance as part of their broader financial and risk-management strategy. It can help an insurer reduce insurance risk and financial volatility, stabilize solvency, or withstand catastrophic events that may trigger massive payouts. In addition, reinsurance can support underwriting capacity and provide access to a reinsurer’s expertise.
Here’s a quick overview of why insurance companies use reinsurance:
- Manage insurance risk: Reinsurance lets an insurer transfer part of the risks it has accepted instead of retaining the entire exposure itself.
- Increase underwriting capacity: Reinsurance can give an insurer additional capacity to take on insurance risks.
- Manage capital efficiently: Reinsurance arrangements can also reduce the liability, freeing up more available capital.
- Reduce financial volatility: Sharing risk with the reinsurer can help prevent financial collapse in the event of a massive payout
- Protect against large losses: Reinsurance can reduce an insurer’s exposure to large or catastrophic losses
- Access specialized expertise: Reinsurers can provide medical, actuarial, and risk-assessment expertise that can help insurers evaluate certain applications and claims.

How does reinsurance affect your life insurance application and claims?
While reinsurance is primarily an arrangement between insurance companies, it can sometimes play a role in how an insurer evaluates and manages a life insurance application.
Here’s how reinsurance can affect your life insurance application and claims:
- Additional underwriting capacity: Reinsurance allows insurers to transfer part of the risk they take on. This can increase their capacity to insure larger or more complex risks, broadening their portfolio.
- Access to specialized underwriting expertise: Reinsurers can provide medical, actuarial, and risk-assessment expertise that can help insurers evaluate certain applications and following claims.
- Potential for additional application review: Some applications may be referred to a reinsurer for further assessment, allowing the reinsurer to better assess the risk or provide advice
- Possible impact on the underwriting outcome: Reinsurance can potentially help an insurer consider risks it may not want to retain entirely on its own. This can let the insurer offer coverage to policyholders for higher-risk cases
Can my insurer share my medical information with a reinsurer?
Yes, your medical information may be shared with a reinsurer when it is necessary for insurance underwriting or risk evaluation, depending on the insurer and circumstances. Many insurers state that organizations with which they may share personal information can include other insurance and reinsurance companies.

Who do you deal with if your life insurance policy is reinsured?
In most cases, the policyholder continues their relationship with the insurance company that issued their policy. However, this may change depending on whether the insurer uses indemnity or assumption reinsurance.
- Indemnity reinsurance: The reinsurer reimburses the insurance company for eligible claims. The insurer typically continues collecting insurance premiums and administering the policy, so policyholders do not deal directly with the reinsurer.
- Assumption reinsurance: The reinsurer takes over responsibility for the affected policies, including eligible financial obligations and policy administration. Policyholders may be required to pay premiums to the reinsurer and receive coverage through them.
Insurance vs. reinsurance: what is the difference?
Insurance and reinsurance both transfer financial risk, but they serve different purposes and involve different parties. While insurance concerns individuals or businesses, reinsurance helps insurance companies manage their risks.
Here’s a quick comparison of insurance and reinsurance:
| Feature | Treaty reinsurance | Facultative reinsurance |
| Scope | Covers eligible risks within an agreed class or category | Covers an individual policy or specific risk |
| Acceptance | Eligible risks are covered according to the existing treaty terms | Each risk is considered separately and on its merits |
| Review | The reinsurer does not separately negotiate every eligible risk | The specific risk is individually reviewed |
| Structure | Ongoing agreement covering defined business | Individual reinsurance arrangement |
Which are the biggest reinsurance companies?
Many of the world’s largest reinsurers operate across multiple countries and work with insurance companies in several markets.
According to S&P Global, the top 10 biggest reinsurance companies based on gross premiums written for pure reinsurance business in S&P Global’s 2026 ranking:
- Munich Reinsurance Co. (Germany)
- Swiss Re AG (Switzerland)
- Hannover Re (Germany)
- Lloyd’s (United Kingdom)
- Berkshire Hathaway Insurance Group (United States)
- SCOR SE (France)
- Reinsurance Group of America (RGA) (United States)
- China Reinsurance (Group) Corp. (China)
- Everest Group Ltd. (Bermuda)
- RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. (Bermuda)
Frequently Asked Questions
What does reinsurance mean?
Reinsurance is when an insurance company transfers part of the insurance risk it has accepted to another insurer or organization, known as a reinsurer. It is commonly referred to as insurance for insurance companies.
What are the main types of reinsurance?
Treaty reinsurance and facultative reinsurance are the two main types of reinsurance in Canada. Treaty reinsurance is a standing agreement between an insurance company and a reinsurer that covers specified classes or categories of the insurer’s risk, while facultative reinsurance is arranged for an individual policy or specific risk rather than an entire class of business.
Does reinsurance affect my life insurance policy?
Usually, reinsurance operates between your insurance company and its reinsurer rather than changing your direct relationship with the insurer. Typically, there is no change in where policyholders pay premiums.
Can my life insurance company share my application with a reinsurer?
An insurer may share relevant personal information with a reinsurance company for underwriting or risk assessment. This can happen when the insurer wants additional expertise or needs to determine how much of the risk it can retain itself versus transfer to a reinsurer.
Can reinsurance help an insurer offer more life insurance coverage?
Reinsurance can increase an insurance company’s underwriting capacity by allowing it to transfer part of its insurance risk. This can be especially relevant when an applicant is requesting a large amount of life insurance or when the insurer does not want to retain the full risk on its own.
What are the two types of reinsurance?
The two primary types of reinsurance used by insurers are treaty and facultative reinsurance. Treaty reinsurance covers a defined class of eligible risks, while facultative reinsurance considers each risk individually.
What is treaty reinsurance?
Treaty reinsurance is an agreement between the insurer and the reinsurer to cover a defined class or group of insurance business. It may automatically accept a portion of the insurer’s liability for specified classes of insurance.









